Simplifying likelihood ratios

Inferences for Likelihood Ratios

Likelihood ratios are extensively used to evaluate the performances of diagnostic tests and to update prior odds of disease to posttest odds. Since few tests are truly 100% accurate, including many used as “gold standards,” it is important to be able to estimate likelihood ratios in cases where no such standard is available. In this paper, methods to calculate point and interval estimates for l...

The trouble with likelihood ratios.

ity scale for clinicians is symmetrically skewed in both directions. In primary care, elective surgery, and oncology, clinicians work at the extremes of the probability scale. The time has come to apply the Feynman-Tufte principle to clinical logic, to offer a visual representation of Bayesian logic. Earlier attempts with natural logarithmics do not allow a simple graphic. We teach a scale of l...

Simplified calculations using likelihood ratios.

Likelihood ratios for DNA identification.

Likelihood ratio (LR) tests are provided for the three alternatives to DNA identity: exclusion, coincidence, and kinship. The coincidence test uses the radius of coalescence to conserve the observed frequency of single band phenotypes. Genotype probabilities under kinship are derived for mating groups, specified relatives, and structured populations; and unbiased estimates of the genetic parame...

Simplifying the Cross-ratios Method of Point-of-gaze Estimation

Point-of-gaze estimation systems estimate the point within the visual field that is imaged on the highest acuity region of the retina known as the fovea. A new method has been introduced that estimates point-of-gaze by exploiting the invariance property of cross-ratios in projective transformations [1]. The projective transformation is formed by two perspective projections. The first projection...